The procedure was controversial from its initial use, in part due to the balance between benefits and risks. Some patients improved in some ways after the operation, but complications and impairments – sometimes severe – were frequent. ![]() It was used for treating mental disorders and occasionally other conditions as a mainstream procedure in some Western countries for more than two decades, despite general recognition of frequent and serious side effects. Most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, were severed. A lobotomy, or leucotomy, was a form of psychosurgery, a neurosurgical treatment of a mental disorder that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex.
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